By-Product Formation in Repetitive PCR Amplification…

Free article in PubMed Central by Tolle et al in PLoS One:

The selection of nucleic acid aptamers is an increasingly important approach to generate specific ligands binding to virtually any molecule of choice. However, selection-inherent amplification procedures are prone to artificial by-product formation that prohibits the enrichment of target-recognizing aptamers. Little is known about the formation of such by-products when employing nucleic acid libraries as templates. We report on the formation of two different forms of by-products, named ladder- and non-ladder-type….

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4260880/